A battery can start a car because it provides the initial electrical energy needed to power the starter motor, which then cranks the engine to start it. If an automotive technician tests your battery and tells you that your car needs a new one, it is because it has lost its ability to hold a charge (called reserve capacity) or if its voltage drops below a certain level of 10.5 volts. A good battery has 12.6 volts.
If the reserve capacity (CCA, cold cranking amps) is low or voltage is low, this indicates the battery is unable to deliver the necessary power consistently. This could be due to factors such as age (this is number one), sulfation (buildup of lead sulfate crystals on the battery plates), or a malfunction within the battery cells.
While a battery might still have enough charge to start the car momentarily, it may not have the capacity to hold a charge or provide consistent power over time. This leads to a failed test or even worse, the car not starting at an inopportune time.
With the progress of stop/start technology, the multiple number of computers (5-25) to operate a vehicle, and the many features of the modern car, power is everything.
Once it’s gone you have a “no start condition.”